Other

MKS Handbook Second Edition - Semiconductor Devices and Process Technology

Semiconductor Devices and Process Technology 2nd edition handbook presents the fundamental device physics, materials, and fabrication processes used to manufacture semiconductors, as ...

Other

MKS Instruments Handbook - Principles & Applications in Photonics Technologies

Photonics became an enabling technology for applications such as fiber optic communications, bioimaging, laser surgery, LED lighting, security, flexible electronics, wafer inspection ...

Solution

Lithium-Ion Battery Manufacturing Solutions

The global demand for lithium-ion batteries has been growing for a number of years, and this growth isn’t going to stop. Laser manufacturing enables next-generation battery designs ...

Application Notes

LiDAR

LiDAR is an active remote sensing technique that is similar to RADAR but, instead of using radio waves as a radiation source, it uses laser pulses. In this technique, a laser source ...

Application Notes

Flat Panel Display Manufacturing

As the flat panel display market moves from LCD to OLED display technology, laser patterning and cutting of heterogeneous materials (comprised of multiple organic material films) with ...

Application Notes

PCB Manufacturing

Lasers are routinely used in a variety of PCB manufacturing processes including via drilling, depaneling, profiling, laser direct imaging, repair, trimming, and marking. Laser processing ...

Application Notes

Solar Panel Manufacturing

Crystalline-Silicon solar cells are the predominant solar cell technology used in fabricating solar panels because of the availability of silicon, well-developed manufacturing processes, ...

Application Notes

Semiconductor Inspection

In this application note, we provide a brief description of the basics of wafer and reticle inspection techniques and discuss the characteristics of current inspection tools.

Technical Notes

Laser Physics

A laser is a source of coherent light. It contains an optical oscillator that increases the amplitude of an optical field while maintaining its phase. This coherent amplification is ...

Technical Notes

Light-Matter Interactions in Lasers

Light is generated from a laser as a result of the following process: electrons in a material move from an excited energy level to a lower-lying energy level and produce photons that ...

Technical Notes

Beam Expanders

Simple beam expanders are essentially telescopes which, in their most basic forms, consist of two lenses. The input beam is assumed to be collimated. The first lens must have a diameter ...

Technical Notes

Variable Laser Attenuators

Variable laser attenuators consist of essentially two optical components, a half waveplate, and a polarizer with a good extinction ratio, and allow for continuous power control for ...

Technical Notes

LED Characterization

Measurement techniques of the power, flux (equivalent to power but measured in units of lumens), and spectrum of LEDs is not very different from that of traditional light sources.

Technical Notes

Laser Beam Spatial Profiles

The irradiance distribution of a laser beam is determined by the transverse modes that exit the laser cavity. Typically, the lowest-order transverse mode (TEM00) is selected for emission ...

Technical Notes

Characteristics of Laser Light

The most common laser light characteristics include: wavelength, gain bandwidth, monochromaticity, spatial and temporal profiles, collimation, output power, coherence and polarizat ...

Technical Notes

Critical Laser Components

The critical components of a laser are a gain medium (acts as medium for population inversion), a pump source (serves as energy source for inverting population), and a resonator (provides ...

Technical Notes

Types of Lasers

Lasers are typically identified by their gain medium and are often classified by the radiating species that give rise to stimulated emission. These radiating species can include ...

Technical Notes

Methods for Pulsed-Laser Operation

It is often desirable to operate lasers in a pulsed mode since this can significantly increase the peak output power.

Technical Notes

Laser Spectral Tunability

The first way to perform laser wavelength tuning uses a wavelength-selective element to choose a specific portion under a gain bandwidth to lase. The second method of wavelength tuning ...

Technical Notes

Laser Diode and LED Physics

Laser diodes possess several unique attributes compared to other types of lasers. They are very small compared to other classes of lasers, can operate very efficiently with relatively ...

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